Topic 15 - Oxidation products of alcohols
 

Carbonyl compounds, Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives

  1. Interpret and use the nomenclature, general, displayed and structure formulae of alkanals (aldehydes), ketones, carboxylic acids, acyl chlorides, esters and acid anhydrides.
  2. Describe the reactions if any, between Cr2O72-/sulphuric acid and primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
  3. Recall the behaviour of alkanals and ketones with respect to combustion and miscibility in water.
  4. Describe the formation of alkanals and ketones from the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols respectively using Cr2O72-/sulphuric acid.
  5. Describe the oxidation of alkanals.
  6. Describe the reduction of alkanals and ketones using NaBH4.
  7. Describe the use of 2,4-DNP (Brady’s Reagent) to detect the presence of carbonyl compounds.
  8. Determine the nature (alkanal or ketone) of an unknown carbonyl compound from the results of simple tests with Benedict’s solution.
  9. Describe and explain the solubility of carboxylic acids.
  10. Describe the formation of carboxylic acids from alcohols and aldehydes.
  11. Describe the reaction of carboxylic acids with water.
  12. Describe the reactions of carboxylic acids in the formation of salts and esters.
  13. Describe and explain the acid and base hydrolysis of esters.
  14. Describe the reaction of carboxylic acids with NH3.
  15. Describe the reaction of carboxylic acids with LiAlH4 in dry ether.
  16. Describe the reaction of carboxylic acids with PCl5.
  17. Describe the reaction of carboxylic acid derivatives with:
    1. Water
    2. Alcohol
    3. NH3
    4. LiAlH4
  18. Interpret the reactions of carboxylic acids in terms of electrophilic and nucleophilic attack.
  19. Interpret the infra-red spectra of acids and carbonyl compounds.
  20. Suggest structures for a compound from its infra-red spectrum.
  21. Examine the effect of hydrogen bonding in infra-red spectra.

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