Topic 16 - The Born-Haber cycle,
structure and bonding
 

Unit 6 is a two hour synoptic paper. It contains compulsory questions. As it is a synoptic paper it will cover the topics below and those covered in topics 1-15.

To answer the questions you may refer to your copy of the Nuffield Students’ Book and Data Book. The time allowed to answer the questions means that you do not have time to look up all the information you may wish to refer to in your answers. You should plan to restrict your use of the prescribed texts to relevant passages of background reading or for confirmation of data or equations. Text copied directly from the Students’ Book will not gain you credit.

Chemical Energetics and the Born-Haber Cycle

  1. Explain the energy associated with exothermic and endothermic reactions in terms of DH and temperature change.
  2. Explain the energy change of a reaction and standard conditions with particular reference to enthalpy of formation, atomisation, ionization, electron affinity, lattice energy and neutralisation.
  3. Demonstrate understanding of the terms lattice energy, standard condition and polarization of ions.
  4. Plan an investigation to determine enthalpy changes and justify the procedures involved.
  5. Calculate enthalpy changes from experimental results including using the relationship; enthalpy change = mcDT
  6. State and use Hess' Law to construct energy cycles and carry out calculations.
  7. Use Hess' Law to construct energy cycles and carry out calculations with respect to the Born Haber Cycle.
  8. Interpret differences between experimental and theoretical calculations of lattice energies in terms of structure and bonding.
  9. Describe in simple terms, the lattice structure of a crystalline solid which is hydrogen bonded, such as in ice and hydrated salts.
  10. Describe, interpret and/or predict the effect of different types of inter- and intramolecular bonding on the physical properties of substances.
  11. Deduce the type of bonding present from information such as solubility and boiling points.
  12. Discuss the solubility in covalently bonded (molecular) compounds.
  13. Interpret and explain qualitatively the variation in the solubility of ionically bonded compounds such as sulphates, nitrates and hydroxides, in terms of their relative magnitudes of enthalpy of hydration and corresponding lattice energy.
  14. Interpret and explain qualitatively the variation in the structure and properties of chlorides and oxides of Period 3.
  15. Calculate the enthalpy change of hydration and solution from experimental results and data.
  16. Show awareness that DH can only be a guide to the stability and reaction feasibility but give no indication of the rate at which a reaction occurs.

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